China's population growth and it's economic boom

Un breve fragmento de algunos datos muy interesantes sobre China en la estructura poblacional y su crecimiento, así como en la influencia y repercursión económica en dicho fenómeno demográfico.

• Al inicio del artículo podeís observar la evolución de la población China desde el siglo XVII hasta el siglo XX.
• Crecía cada año en 14 millones.
• La hipótesis que plantea es si China debe cuidarse dse este incremento y el resto del mundo también. Porque los datos que se manejan poblacionales son de gran evolución demográfica progresiva.
• Tal y como nos comenta el texto, ante esta situación de incremento poblacional desmesurado antes s epodían tener 3 hijos y después se impusieron las prácticas y políticas de los 2 hijos y un hijo único. Tal y como teneis mas referencias a lo largo de mi blog,sobre el tema.
• Aproximadamente el 10%de la población china es de clase media y se ven atraidos hacia distintas marcas comerciales conocidas a nivel mundial.
• Podeís observar en la parte final que he copartido en el blog, los datos referentes a la energía así como las distintas demandas que surgen en la población china.

Me ha parecido muy interesante el artículo y los datos que contrata por eso he decidido compartirlo en mi espacio.

CHINA'S POPULATION GROWTH AND ITS ECONOMIC BOOM

I.  POPULATION GROWTH

 A. 1600 POPULATION = 200 MILLION
        1850 POPULATION = 450 MILLION
       QUESTION: WHY DOUBLING AT THIS TIME? 1950 POPULATION  = 550 MILLION
       QUESTION: WHY THE SLOW GROWTH AT THIS TIME? 1996 POPULATION = 1.2 BILLION
       QUESTION: WHY A DOUBLING IN 45 YEARS?

            INCREASE IS NOW 14 MILLION PER YEAR EQUAL TO A NEW
            AUSTRALIA EVERY YEAR.

            QUESTION: CAN CHINA TAKE CARE* OF THIS INCREASE?
            CAN THE WORLD TAKE CARE* OF THIS INCREASE?

      *CARE EQUALS FOOD, WATER, CLOTHES, HOUSING,
      EDUCATION AND MEDICAL FACILITIES

 B. WHAT HAS CHINA DONE ABOUT THEIR POPULATION GROWTH
           RECORD?
 
      NOTHING BETWEEN 1900 AND 1978.

           SINCE 1978 HAVE PURSUED VARIOUS POLICIES AIMED AT
           LIMITING THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN FAMILIES MAY HAVE
           3 CHILDREN, ONE CHILD AND TWO CHILDREN PER
           FAMILY PROGRAMS, WITH VARYING DEGREES OF
           SUCCESS--MORE SUCCESSFUL IN CITIES THAN
           IN RURAL CHINA (WHERE 80% OF THE PEOPLE
           LIVE)

II.  ECONOMIC GROWTH

  A. 1950-1978 APPROXIMATELY A 7 % GROWTH RATE PER YEAR
       BUT AIMED AT HEAVY INDUSTRIALIZATION PROJECTS
       UNDER STATE SPONSORSHIP AND A COLLECTIVIZED 
       ECONOMIC STRUCTURE, LITTLE EMPHASIS ON CONSUMER
       NEEDS OR GOODS

  B. SINCE 1978 GROWTH RATE AVERAGING 10%+ PER YEAR
       UNDER AN INCREASINGLY DECOLLECTIVIZED ECONOMIC
       MODEL (EXCEPT FOR HEAVY INDUSTRY), ALLOWING
       INDIVIDUAL FAMILY TO CONTRACT FOR LAND FOR
       FARMING PURPOSES AND VILLAGES/COUNTIES/INDIVIDUALS TO
       PURSUE MANUFACTURING.

           CHIEF GROWTH IS IN DECOLLECTIVIZED SECTOR
           ACCOUNTING FOR OVER 50% OF CHINA'S INDUSTRIAL
           OUTPUT IN 1995--1/3 IN 1993  (STATE SECTOR GREW ONLY
           2.2% IN 1994)

   C. RESULT IS RISING PER CAPITA INCOME IN CHINA AND
        HUGE DEMANDS FOR ENERGY, RAW MATERIALS, WATER,
        AND LAND

              NOW ESTIMATED THAT 10% OF CHINA'S POPULATION
              IS "MIDDLE CLASS"  THAT IS 100 MILLION PEOPLE

              IT IS THIS CLASS THAT ATTRACTS THE ATTENTION
              OF WESTERN FIRMS FROM COKE AND PEPSI, TO
              MOTOROLA, VOLKSWAGEN, CHRYSLER, ATT AND AVON

              AND IT IS THE DEMAND FOR ENERGY AND RAW MATERIALS 
              THAT ATTRACTS OTHERS (CATERPILLAR, BOEING, WESTINGHOUSE,
              GE) AS CHINA BUILDS NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS,  MASSIVE HYDROELECTRIC
              DAMS, ETC.

          THE ILLUSIVE CHINA MARKET OF THE l9TH AND FOR MOST OF
          THE 20TH CENTURY IS BECOMING REALITY--

             450 MILLION CHINESE CUSTOMERS WERE TOO POOR AND TOO
             PROUD TO BUY WESTERN PRODUCTS IN 1850 OR EVEN 1950;
             NOW THE POTENTIAL OF REACHING 100 MILLION (AND RISING)
             CUSTOMERS WITH SPARE CHANGE DRIVES THE NON-CHINESE AND 
             OVERSEAS CHINESE TO SEEK ACCESS TO THIS MARKET--NEVER MIND 
             HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS, INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT, OR
             BULLYING ON THE HIGH SEAS.

III.  IMPACT OF THIS ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC JUGGERNAUT

     A.  DEMAND FOR ENERGY BY BOOMING ENERGY IS RUNNING AN
          ESTIMATED 25-30% BEHIND DEMAND

       HENCE:
          -MORE COAL FIRED GENERATION PLANTS WITH
          FEW IF ANY CLEANING TECHNOLOGIES (AND CHINA'S
             COAL IS HIGH SULPHUR CONTENT) ARE PLANNED
          TO PROVIDE 75~ OF CHINA'S ENERGY NEEDS
            DUE TO VAST COAL RESERVES

        -BUILDING MORE NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS TO
                PROVIDE BY 2020 6-7%0F TOTAL ELECTRICITY
                SUPPLY

        -BUILDING MASSIVE HYDROELECTRIC DAMS
                 e.g. THREE GORGES DAM ON YANGTZE RIVER
                 FOR AN ESTIMATED COST OF $30 BILLION.
          DISPLACEMENT OF 1 MILLION CHINESE TO SAY
                 NOTHING OF FLORA AND FAUNA. 


 
      B. DEMAND BY POPULATION WITH RISING INCOME 
           FOR BETTER FOOD, HOUSING, CLOTHING, EDUCATION
           AND MEDICAL CARE AS WELL AS CONSUMER PRODUCTS
          (e. g. AUTOMOBILES, COSMETICS, TOBACCO)

        1.  ALL THESE DEMANDS REQUIRE LARGER ENERGY SOURCES
           TO SUPPLY THE MEANS TO MAKE THE PRODUCTS
            DESIRED

                FOR COMPARISON PURPOSES: EACH AMERICAN AT PRESENT
  USES THE SAME AMOUNT OF ENERGY AS 3 JAPANESE 38 INDIANS 
         OR 531 ETHIOPIANS.  IN THE WORDS OF MAO ZE-TUNG
                "CAN THE WORLD AFFORD ANOTHER UNITED STATES?"


    2.  EXAMPLE: NEED FOR FOOD AND CHANGING FOOD DEMANDS
           ARE THESE ONLY A CHINESE PROBLEM OR ALSO
               CAN CHINA FEED THEMSELF IN THE 21ST CENTURY?
               (Lester Brown, "Who Will Feed China?" World Watch, Sept/
                Oct. 1994 10-19; "Update" World Watch, Sept/Oct. 1995
                p 38)

Fuente. http://www.meteor.iastate.edu/gccourse/energy/china.html